Sumários
Practical Lesson - Study Visit
14 Setembro 2018, 14:00 • Maria Helena Mouriño Silva Nunes
Duration: 4 hours
This visit offered the opportunity for students to understand how a Public-Private Partnership work in the health sector.
Lesson 6
13 Setembro 2018, 14:00 • Maria Helena Mouriño Silva Nunes
Duration: 3 hours
Statistical Analysis of Health Questionnaires.
Analysing the questionnaire "Evaluating risk for cardiovascular diseases in the Portuguese population". The lesson started with a debate about the design of the questionnaire. There was also a debate on the scale used in each question. Afterwards, students started the analysis of the database obtained from this questionnaire. The analyses were developed with the spreadsheet Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Software.
The database from the study "Control levels after Heart Attack" (link: http://www.statsci.org/data/general/cholest.html) was also used to exemplify some statistical methodologies.
Exploratory analyses to the databases. An introduction.
Descriptive statistics:
- Measures of tendency: mean; mode; median; empirical quantile of order p (0<p<1);
- Measures of dispersion: variance; standard deviation; interquartile range; range; coefficient of variation;
- Measures of shape: skewness; kurtosis.
Outliers (moderate and extreme).
Frequency tables. Pie chart.
Visualising data distribution: bar chart (discrete data); histogram (continuous data); box-plot; stem-and-leaf (rarely used in practical applications).
Outliers (moderate and extreme).
Frequency tables. Pie chart.
Visualising data distribution: bar chart (discrete data); histogram (continuous data); box-plot; stem-and-leaf (rarely used in practical applications).
Lesson 5
12 Setembro 2018, 14:00 • Maria Helena Mouriño Silva Nunes
Duration: 3 hours
Analysing some well-known health questionnaires to measure: health-related quality of life, and wellbeing. Health-related quality of life: the 36-Item Short Form Survey, SF-36 as well as its shorter versions, SF-12, SF-6. The EQ-5D instruments: EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, EQ-5D-5Y (for children). Advantages and disadvantages of each questionnaire were discussed in the class. In regard to wellbeing, the World Health Organization Wellbeing Index (WHO-5) was analysed.
An introduction to the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM). The students who attended the class were split into two groups and were randomly assigned to study one of the following standard sets developed by ICHOM: coronary artery disease; low back pain. Afterwards, they presented a summary of the main points of the studies under consideration.
Lesson 4
11 Setembro 2018, 14:00 • Maria Helena Mouriño Silva Nunes
Duration: 3 hours
Introduction to the concept of "Patient-Centred Care": the shift of paradigm in the relationship between the patient and the physician/nurse.
Watching and analysing the documentary film released by the World Health Organization, WHO (May 2017): What is people-centred care?
Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROM), or Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS): an instrument to evaluate health care systems. The health questionnaires. What should be measured with this type of instrument from the patient's perspective?
Defining Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and its determinants. Different types of PRO instruments. Type of measurement scale in health questionnaires: nominal; ordinal; interval; ratio. Different types of response scales. Advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Evaluation of a PRO instrument: validity; reliability; content validity; construct validity; criterion validity; test-retest or intra-interviewer reliability; Internal consistency; inter-interviewer variability.
Evaluation of a PRO instrument: validity; reliability; content validity; construct validity; criterion validity; test-retest or intra-interviewer reliability; Internal consistency; inter-interviewer variability.
Lesson 3
10 Setembro 2018, 09:30 • Maria Helena Mouriño Silva Nunes
Duration: 3 hours
The controversy underlying the measures studied in the last lesson, namely QALY and DALY to balance the cost and effectiveness of a certain treatment (or health technology) over another one, or no care at all. An overview of some European health agencies.
Group discussion on the results from the European project ECHOUTCOME: European consortium in healthcare outcomes and cost-benefit research (FP7 – Healthproject).