Sumários
14 Setembro 2020, 14:30
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Maria Helena Mouriño Silva Nunes
Duration: 3 hours
Exploratory analyses to the database "Evaluating risk for cardiovascular diseases in the Portuguese population" (cont.)
Descriptive statistics: - Measures of tendency: mean; mode; median; empirical quantile of order p (0<p<1);- Measures of dispersion: variance; standard deviation; interquartile range; range;- Measures of shape: skewness; kurtosis. Outliers (moderate and extreme).
Visualising data distribution: histogram (continuous data); box-plot; stem-and-leaf (rarely used in practical applications).
11 Setembro 2020, 09:30
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Maria Helena Mouriño Silva Nunes
Duration: 3 hours
Defining outcome in health.
Different types of PRO instruments. Type of measurement scale in health questionnaires: nominal; ordinal; interval; ratio. Different types of response scales. When to apply each of them.
Analysing some well-known health questionnaires to measure: health-related quality of life, and wellbeing. Health-related quality of life: the 36-Item Short Form Survey, SF-36 as well as its shorter versions, SF-12, SF-6. The EQ-5D instruments: EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, EQ-5D-5Y (for children). Advantages and disadvantages of each questionnaire were discussed in the class. In regard to the wellbeing, the World Health Organization Wellbeing Index (WHO-5) was analysed.
Evaluation of a PRO instrument: validity; reliability; content validity; construct validity; criterion validity; test-retest or intra-interviewer reliability; internal consistency; inter-interviewer variability.
Starting the statistical analysis of health questionnaires.
Introduction to the questionnaire: "Evaluating risk for cardiovascular diseases in the Portuguese population". Analysing the wording of the questions as well as the scale used in each question. Afterwards, students started the analysis of the respective database. Exploratory data analysis (an introduction). The analyses were developed with the spreadsheet Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Software.
10 Setembro 2020, 09:30
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Maria Helena Mouriño Silva Nunes
Duration: 3 hours
The shift in the paradigm of the organisation of the healthcare systems: the Patient-Centred Care approach. What does it mean? Definition by the World HealthOrganization (WHO). The roots of this term, which dates back to 1988.
Watching and analysing two documentary films released by:
- WHO (May 2017): What is people-centred care?- The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM): Measured Outcomes (2017)
- A future view of value-based healthcare. An introduction to the ICHOM, focusing on the ICHOM Standard Sets.
Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROM), or Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS): an instrument to evaluate health care systems. The health questionnaires. What should be measured with this type of instrument from the patient's perspective?
Defining Quality of Life (in a broad sense) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), and their determinants.
9 Setembro 2020, 14:30
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Maria Helena Mouriño Silva Nunes
Duration: 3 hours
Determination of DALY (in practice): a detailed study of the DALY calculations from articles in the literature.
The controversy over the calculation of DALY and QALY to support health policy decision-making. An overview of some European health agencies about this issue, as for instance: ECHOUTCOME (European consortium in healthcare outcomes and cost-benefit research, FP7–Health project).
8 Setembro 2020, 14:30
•
Maria Helena Mouriño Silva Nunes
Duration: 3 hours
Introduction to the course "Health Quality Assessment".
How to measure the burden of disease. Introduction to cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), the most widely applied tool to guide policy decisions concerning the allocation of healthcare resources. The differences between the healthcare systems and the conventional market of consumer good. Failure of the law of demand and supply.
Development of methodologies to assess the health and economic effects of alternative medical treatments.
Measures largely used in the CEA: Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY); Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY). Description and interpretation of these measures