Sumários

Theory lecture 9

14 Abril 2025, 15:00 João Nuno Ramalho Gonçalves Pires

  • Extension of isospin symmetry to include the strange quark: SU(3) flavour symmetry
  • Meson Octets and Singlets of flavour SU(3)
  • Baryon Decuplets and Octects of flavour SU(3)
Recommended reading: Chapter 9 of Mark Thomson's book, Chapter's 4, 5.8-5.10 of D. Griffiths book

  • Lagrangian densities and Euler-Lagrange equations
  • QED Lagrangian and local U(1) symmetry. QED covariant derivative
  • QCD Lagrangian and covariant derivative
  • Gluon field local SU(3) gauge transformation

Recommended reading: Chapter 10 of Mark Thomson's book and Chapter 9 of D.Griffith's book


Exercise class 5

9 Abril 2025, 09:00 João Nuno Ramalho Gonçalves Pires

Discussion and solution of the fifth series of exercises.


Theory lecture 8

7 Abril 2025, 15:00 João Nuno Ramalho Gonçalves Pires

Symmetries in Particle Physics

  • Discrete symmetries and Unitary operators
  • Continuous symmetries: Translational invariance and linear momentum conservation 
  • Symmetry groups U(N) and SU(N)
  • U(1) group and local U(1) gauge symmetry of quantum electrodynamics
  • Local gauge symmetry principle
  • SU(2) and SU(3) symmetry groups for gauge theories of the electroweak and the strong interaction in the Standard Model 
  • Approximate flavour symmetry of the strong interaction SU(2) u/d Isospin symmetry
  • Combining quarks to form meson and baryon states of the approximate isospin SU(2) symmetry
  • Ground state baryon wavefunctions: wavefunction for a spin-up proton

Recommended reading: Chapter 9 of Mark Thomson's book, Chapter's 4, 5.8-5.10 of D. Griffiths book


Exercise class

2 Abril 2025, 09:00 João Nuno Ramalho Gonçalves Pires

Class rescheduled


Theory lecture 7

28 Março 2025, 10:00 João Nuno Ramalho Gonçalves Pires

  • Double differential Lorentz Invariant cross section for Deep Inelastic electron-proton Scattering 
  • F1 and F2 structure function measurements at SLAC
  • Bjorken scaling and Callan-Gross relation
  • DIS cross section reinterpreted in the quark-parton model
  • Elastic electron-quark scattering
  • Parton distribution functions fits with structure function data: from SLAC to HERA experiments 
  • Sea and Valence quark distribution functions

Recommended reading: Chapter's 8.2 - 8.6 of Mark Thomson's book, Chapter's 8.5 - 8.6 of D.Griffith's book.