Chapter 4 Oceans

21 Outubro 2022, 13:30 • Paulo Brás de Oliveira

Review of the distribution of temperature, salinity and density in the Atlantic and its relationship with ocean gyres. Relationship between ocean gyres and sea surface elevation observed with radar-altimeters. Water masses in the Northeast Atlantic (Jenkins et al., 2015). Current system and water masses in the Iberian coastal ocean (Prieto et al., 2013). Distribution of water masses in the coastal ocean of Portugal (Fiúza et al., 1998).

Deep water formation in the North Atlantic, the “Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation” and the “Global Ocean Conveyor Circulation”.

The ENSO phenomenon - the El Niño (oceanographic) component. The anti-El Niño or La Niña. ENSO Indexes: SOI - Southern Oscillation Index, MEI - Multivariate ENSO Index and ONI - Oceanic Niño Index.

The NAO Index - North Atlantic Oscillation. Definition, characterization and consequences of the NAO index.

The oceanic mesoscale. Formation of warm core rings and cold core rings in the Gulf Stream. Turbulent kinetic energy maps and vortex trajectories obtained from altimetry.