Sumários

Second evaluation

25 Maio 2020, 17:00 • Elsa Anes

Second evaluation

Lecture 11: Mycosis and Mycotoxicosis

18 Maio 2020, 17:00 • Elsa Anes

Mycosis and Mycotoxicosis


1) Mycosis

  • Superficial mycosis.
  • Systemic mycosis by primary fungal pathogens and opportunistic pathogens.

2) Mycotoxicosis

  • Main mycotoxins, toxigenic fungi, most susceptible foods and main associated effects.
  • Methods of controlling mycotoxin production.

Lecture 10: Virus-Host Interactions

11 Maio 2020, 17:00 • Elsa Anes

Virus-Host Interactions

General characteristics of virus-host interactions 

• HIV: a persistent infection 

- The initial events - The chronic immune activation - Genetic variability and the mechanisms of viral persistence 

• Influenza virus: an acute infection 

- The antigenic drift and the antigenic shift - The pandemics - Pathogenic mechanisms associated with respiratory distress 

• HCV: a persistence infection leading to cancer 

- Viral replication and its dependence on cellular micro RNAs - Viral persistence: antigenic variability; manipulation of host immune response - Consequences of viral persistence - oncogenic mechanisms 

• EBV as an example of oncogenic virus 

- General characteristics of EBV infection - Pathogenic mechanisms leading to cell transformation 

• HPV an old virus associated with cell proliferation 

- The benign infection - The oncogenic mechanisms 

Lecture 9: Mechanisms of drug resistance

4 Maio 2020, 17:00 • Elsa Anes

Lecture 9: Mechanisms of drug resistance


Antibacterial agents: Mechanisms of action and of resistance
Mechanisms of action:
1) Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
2) Inhibitors of protein synthesis
3) DNA synthesis inhibitors
4) RNA synthesis inhibitors
Mechanisms of resistance
Intrinsic or inherent resistance
Genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance:
1) drug modification or inactivation
2) Prevention of cellular uptake or efflux
3) Target modification
4) Target overproduction or enzymatic bypass
5) Target mimicry

Lecture 8: macrophage evasion strategies of pathogens

27 Abril 2020, 17:00 • Elsa Anes

Lecture 8: macrophage evasion strategies of pathogens

“Why phagocytosis needs not be a degrading experience for Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium tuberculosis?”

First part: Legionella An environmental microorganism an accidental human pathogen

History, outbreak reports; Disease, microbiology, virulence determinants

Legionella in the environment: biofilms and life cycle; Intracellular features in amoebae: diversion from the endocytic pathway, LVC, OMV

An accidental human pathogen. Infection of alveolar macrophages

Overview of the immune response; Infection Control via autophagy and type I and II IFNs; Uncontrolled infection extensive inflammation and infiltrative pneumonia

Second part: Tuberculosis

1.the disease, overview of the immune response

2. Phagosome maturation blockade by M. tuberculosis

3. Macrophage, DC killing effectors for M. tuberculosis

4. targeting host cathepsins

5. targeting host microRNAs

6. Control through programmed cell death and inflammation:

Inflammasome activation by Koch’s bacilli

7. Concluding remarks: strategies for vaccine development and

Host directed therapies